Child psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child psychology - Essay Example During the childhood of Jennie Hawthorne, there were no any takeaway meals or frozen meals, and there are still no computers and no refrigerators and this is far different from the common environment of children. The life of Jennie Hawthorne in Bethnal Green is full of struggles, from her own family, environment, and herself; however, these factors influenced and transforms her life. Hundred of studies already documented the association between poverty and children's health, achievement, and behavior. There is an observed correlation between poverty and child outcomes, and it has an effect on child and adolescent well being. The income of a family appears to be strongly related to the children's ability and achievement than to their emotional outcomes. In the life of Jennie Hawthorne, she grew up in a family that full of struggles in life and poverty, she even needs to quit from school and go working. Most of her life, she had illnesses and it affects her childhood life. Their community is full of crimes, and she still recalls everything that she witnessed. Children who lived and experienced poverty have lower rates of school completion. Jennie Hawthorne encountered inadequate nutrition and fewer learning experiences, instability of residence, exposed to environmental toxins, family violence, and dangerous streets. The East end always signifies diversity in culture, there are always new immigrants arriving and there is ethnic mix of the twenties. These diversities can be observed through the names and faces of the people, some of them are from Lithuania, Russia, Poland, and Italy and they joined the Irish who arrived in the place during the middle of the 19th century. The Irish who tried to escape from the famine in Ireland and people never had an English name. Everything about the place was still in the mind of Jennie, she still remembers during the time when there were still no any buses or trains and it seems that the whole street was their playground. Jennie still remembers the ships that were packed at London's great river and for the people they considered France as a dream. Jennie still remembers all her memories in Bethnal Green, as her parents are fighting, and she remembers who she dreamed to go beyond the East End of her childhood that her study and work take her to strange places. The recall about the place, demonstrates how the young Jennie Crawley inhabited a small and very happy world in the East End. There is greenery in Victoria Park and it seems that everything was already there in the place. Poverty significantly affect the child development. The socioeconomic status has relationship with the child health and it is observed in most industrialized countries. This is observed in the occurrence of poverty especially by lack of material resources. Poverty is not a static condition, and there can be many entries and exits for this situation. Jennie Hawthorne P 3 mortality and morbidity, and poverty also affects the child health as it jeopardizes their future adult health. Most of the adult chronic health problems like cardiovascular diseases are originated from the pregnancy and during the first years of their life. The status of poverty is linked to poor child development and they are likely to have problems in completing school and they have low scores in

Self-Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self-Reflection Paper - Essay Example I was experienced just as much as he and therefore, I expected the company to offer me no less than $65,000. The manager said that he would let me know after consultation with the owner of the company. I agreed. The next day, I received the offer letter via an email that showed that my annual salary would be $60,000. I was disappointed, but since it was a period of financial crisis and there were not many jobs out there, I decided to take a chance if the manager agrees to increase my salary to $65,000 once the probation period of 3 months would be over. I talked to the manager about it and he agreed. I joined the company. From day one, I worked very hard. I wanted to impress the manager and the owner so much with my performance that they would feel obliged to reward me by increasing my salary by the end of the probation period. I started off by studying the organizational culture and identifying loopholes in it, so that the obstacles in the way of organizational progress can be found and eradicated. My focus was on improving the workers’ productivity by facilitating them with everything as part of my duty as the HR Generalist. I was new in the organization and had a spark in me to do something to bring a positive change in the organization. ... He often talked to me and discussed work-related matters with me. One day, he called me and said that he was afraid he might be fired because the branch manager was not very satisfied with his performance. Compared to him, my bosses were very satisfied with me. The productivity of our branch was more than the branch in which my cousin worked. I was very happy and I could almost see my salary being increased by the end of the probation period. Day after day, time passed and we reached the end of the probation period. On the first day of the fourth month of my job, I received an email that read that considering my outstanding performance, I had been made a permanent employee from a temporary employee and that my salary would be $55,000. I was startled to find that my salary had not been increased. What to talk of that the owner had instead decreased my salary. The next day, the first thing I did was ask the manager what was wrong. The manager told me that in order to cope with the fina ncial crisis; the branch manager has decided to cut down the salary of the key staff members. He congratulated me on becoming the permanent employee, but it felt very out of place for the moment. I called my cousin and asked him if his salary had been affected by the company’s efforts to survive through the financial crisis. He said that it had remained the same. When I discussed this issue with the branch manager, he said that the company had a decentralized system and that every branch served liked a distinct company with distinct principles, but I was not convinced anyway. I knew that I had set my foot in the wrong place where people did not care how hard I tried to get there. What was more shocking for me was that the branch manager had broken his

Effects of International Trade Barriers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effects of International Trade Barriers - Essay Example This essay critically discusses why the government continues to impose barriers to trade and are frequently engaged in a trade dispute. In the past decades, the opening of the markets has boosted economic and trade growth worldwide. However, the trade barriers have remained a key obstacle to the access of markets. Researchers have pointed out that the potential benefit of reducing the obstacle is significant. Countries engage in international trade for various reasons. First, international trade increases the choice of goods for the domestic consumers. It also allows the domestic market to export their goods. Trade barriers refer to the measures that the public authorities or the governments introduce so as to restrict or prevent overseas investment or trade. The measures of the restriction need to be taken in the form of a particular decision or legislation. The measures that are imposed may take the form of current practice. When countries are important or exported from one country to another, they have to be accompanied by the correct documentation adoption of free international trade may result in the collapse of the domestic markets. There is a need to protect the domestic market to ensure that there is the sustainability of the domestic industries and encourage the innovation of ideas in the different countries. The trade barriers will reduce the trade disputes that may come up as a result of the poor working condition. The tariffs enable the government to increase revenues as imports enter the domestic market.

A Strategic Analysis of GE Healthcare Essay Example for Free

A Strategic Analysis of GE Healthcare Essay GE Healthcare is a unit of the wider General Electric Company. It has a global orientation, employing more than 46, 000 staff committed to serving healthcare professionals and patients in over 100 countries. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom (UK)-the first GE business segment outside the United States. It has a turnover of approximately $ 17 billion. The headquarters hosts GE healthcare corporate offices as well as finance, sales, global sourcing departments, X-Ray marketing, manufacturing, design and shipping. The finance and sales departments at the headquarters handle GE Healthcare’s high level decisions, but each modality often has its own similar departments. The global sourcing department handles all purchasing for the firm. GE Healthcare provides a variety of products services namely Technologies in medical imaging, diagnostics in medicine, systems for monitoring patients, solutions for improving performance, discovering drugs, and technologies to manufacture biopharmaceuticals. It also provides X-Ray products which include; radiography, fluoroscopy, vascular, cardiology, and the Mobile C-Arm machine. At present, GE Healthcare has six major business units; Global Diagnostic Imaging Unit: with its headquarters in the US, its business includes; digital mammography, X-ray services, Magnetic Resonance, Computed Tomography and technologies in Molecular Imaging. Integrated IT Solutions (IITS). Also headquartered in Barrington USA, IITS offers solutions in clinical and monetary information technologies, such as IT Products and service for departments, systems for picture Archiving and Communications, Information System solutions in Radiology and Cardiovascular in addition to practices and systems for managing revenue cycles. Medical Diagnostics Business Unit. This is headquartered in USA and its business includes; Researches in Medical Diagnostics, manufacturing and marketing imaging agents used in medical scanning techniques to view human body organs and tissues. Clinical Systems Unit. Also Headquartered in the US, this business offers a variety of healthcare services and technological solutions for medical officers and managers of healthcare systems. These include; Ultrasound, technologies for monitoring patients, bone densitometry, incubators, respiratory care and management of anesthesia. GE Healthcare Life Sciences Unit. This is headquartered in Sweden. It produces technologies for discovering drugs, biopharmaceutical manufacturing and cellular technologies. This division also manufactures equipment for the purifying biopharmaceuticals. GE Healthcare Surgery Business Unit. This division offers equipment and technologies for surgical care interventions, cardiac, systems and technologies for diagnostic monitoring, systems and data management technologies, to systems for mobile fluoroscopic imaging, instrumentations on 3D visual systems and navigation. Its headquarters are in Utah, USA, GE Healthcare has offices in different parts of the world. It also has primary regional operation centers in Paris, Japan, and India. (GE Healthcare Website; Retrieved December 2010) Business Strategy and Organizational Structure Analysis The world business environment is constantly changing, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This calls for competitive strategies in order to remain competitive. This section evaluates the opportunities and challenges presented by GE Healthcare organizational structure. In the Financial Year (FY) ending December 2007, the company recorded revenues of $16, 997 million; an increase of 2.7% over 2006. The operating profit was $3,056 million in 2007; drop of 2.7% from 2006. This GE business unit recorded revenues of $16,015 million, during the Financial Year (FY) ended December 2009. This reflected a decrease of 7.9% over FY 2008. The operating profit for the FY ended December 2009 was $2,240 million a decrease of 15.1% over FY 2008. Analysts attribute to both the complex internal and external environments of the company. I evaluate this argument by undertaking a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of the company and integrating it to the Porters Fiv e Forces Model. Internal Analysis GE healthcare is one of the best firms in leadership development. The firm’s Human Resources Department is keen in developing a strong workforce that responds to changing global needs. It employs strategically employs and motivates the best qualified talents globally. It invests more than $100 million annually on educational training and staff development. The GE Healthcare Institute provides advanced training for GEHC employees and customers. It combines Technical training, Applications and Leadership trainings. More than 70 laboratories with the latest equipment provide GE and customers world class instruction in all areas of equipment maintenance and operation. The Training in Partnership curriculum provides a full range of training programs. GE managers are considered one of the firm’s distinctive competencies and strengths. The challenge is maintaining employee motivation through better remuneration in a time of global economic meltdown and declining profits for the firm. GE Healthcare is capable of changing and constantly re-inventing itself to deal with changing business needs. Setting new standards for management, organizational design, Research and Development has been the pillar of the firm. This is evidenced by the establishment of the six distinctive business units stated above. Exploiting the resources that the firm has, this competency can be meant un-substitutable. The firm is continually innovating to develop solutions to customer changing needs. As Jeffrey Immelt stated, the firms’ employees â€Å"have an ability to live in the moment†. This quality is rare and not easily imitated. This organizational culture ensures that employees continue with innovation and development of new ideas. The firm has a global orientation, with production facilities outside the US and UK, a wider customer base, a superior brand, sales, marketing, IT and Production departments within every modality. This ensures efficiency of service within each business unit. To ensure financial accountability in outsourcing and procurement, decisions regarding this are handled by offices at the headquarters. GE Healthcare operates within the Rubric of the well known and established General Electric; this promotes sharing of management knowledge and experiences. General Electric is a well known Brand with a global touch. This strong internal structure has been at the core of the firm’s success. However Organizations function as systems, they interact and respond to the surrounding environment (Barnard 1938). This calls for an external analysis of this firm. External Analysis Competitor Analysis Analysts argue that competitors can ensure that similar firms remain productive. Though this can be healthy for consumers, small competitors and substitute product can drive giants out of the market. Siemens AG competes against GE group in communications, power, transportation, medical, and lighting industries. Siemens and HE Healthcare are most competitive in the healthcare industry. Siemens Medical Solutions happens to be largest supplier of healthcare equipment globally. Siemens AG is distinctive in its innovativeness and provision of complete solutions to its customers. Siemens is actually larger, with close to 440,000 employees, 70,000 of which are located in the U.S. Despite the fact that GE Healthcare outdoes Siemens AG in healthcare ($9.4 billion) and energy ($15.3 billion) it is a competitor that cannot be ignored. Both operate at virtually global scale. Other competitors include FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA, Inc. Hitachi Medical Corporation Nihon Kohden Corporation Schiller AG TOSHIBA Medical Systems Corporation Philips Healthcare Philips Respironics, Inc. Industry Analysis General Electric’s firms including the Healthcare unit have been analyzed using porters five forces model to determine which industry is more attractive. GE Healthcare industry is challenged by competitors and new market entrants. Consumers constantly demand low prices at a high quality leading to intensive bargaining. Retailers have to bargain with suppliers to fix the prices of their products. The GE retail industry also faces the threat of substitute products. For more on the competency strategy, SWOT analysis an the forces model see Appendix 1 and 2. Recommendations GE Healthcare already has a global orientation, large customer base. The success of GE Healthcare lies at how best it chooses its business focus. There is need to focus on a specific market niche. Too much diversification and provision of a wide variety of products may be a step forward but it can also become a mechanism for reversal. Much diversification can lead to lose of business focus. It is evident that new technology and the creation of a global virtual market offer an opportunity for the firm to grow its business. African and some Asian markets are still virgins to the firm. There is need to identify and exploit this business markets. Where favorable, establish production facilities. Advertising and strategic marketing remains a superior option to strengthen the firm’s brand identity. With increasing human rights concerns and demands for accountability, there is need for education and corporate social responsibility, as consumers are becoming more sensitive to scientific information. Nevertheless challenges of environmental accountability abound and cannot be ignored. Works Cited Barnard, C.I. The Functions of the Executive, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938. Print. Barnard, C.I. Organization and Management: Selected Papers, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1948. Print. Brady, Diane. GE: When Execs Outperform the Stock. Business Week 17 Apr. 2006. Goel Sanjay et al .General Electric: Strategic Management.

The Peloponnesian War :: essays research papers fc

The Peloponnesian War Is war inevitable? It appears that the answer to this question is yes. However, war is unpredictable and must be studied based on individual circumstances, actions taken, and reactions. States disagree with each other on many subjects and conflicts arise often. To answer this question, we must first examine the causes of a conflict, evaluate the outcome and determine any alternatives that may exist. Then we can analyze some alternative theoretical outcomes compared to the actual conclusions. The Peloponnesian War provides an excellent example to be evaluated. The following gives a brief history of the war, causes of the war, and the importance of its study. In the case of the Peloponnesian War, we have two equal but different powers in control of Greece and the surrounding area. Athens and Sparta as allies gained independence from the Persians in 480 BC. Athens with a democratic rule expanded by using the surrounding waterways for trade and developing a great navy. Sparta with an oligarchic rule settled in by developing a thriving agriculture community and a land based army. Civil war occurs in Epidamnus with two sides, democratic and oligarchic. The democrats requested assistance from Athens. If Athens chooses to get involved, she breaks the truce with Sparta. If she does not, the balance of power leans towards Sparta and her allies. Sparta already feared Athens’ growing power. Therefore, Sparta needed to check Athens’ control of the region. The need to keep a balance of power is the main reason of the Peloponnesian War. Thucydides attains that Sparta’s fear of Athenian rule provided an unavoidable path to war. Athens controlled about half of the city-states; dominated much of the trade; and maintained a strong navy. Sparta kept a strong army and retained equal allies but was primarily an agriculture state. Athens’ ability to maneuver on the sea provided opportunities to expand her power, and this alarmed Sparta. Since Sparta is concerned by Athens’ growing power, Sparta waits for a way to be able to stop the expansion. When an opportunity comes for war against Athens, Sparta is not very reluctant and could even be considered eager to enter an altercation. Pericles leadership appeared sound but may have over reached the power of Athens. Pericles convinced the Athenians that allowing allied states to become free was a sign of weakness. In addition, he convinced them that Sparta was no match and could not win a long-term war against the great Athenian navy.

Analysis of British Airways Essay -- British Airways Case Study

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. British Airways: Overview 4 2. Key stakeholders 4 3. Mission and objectives 5 4. Market structure 6 5. Managing diverse cultures 7 6. Economic changes, fiscal and monetary policy 8 7. Regulation 11 8. Conclusion and Recommendations 12 9. References 14 Executive Summary British Airways has focused its mission and objectives towards satisfying its key stakeholders that include employees, customers, Government and the British public. The company has been successful in dealing with cultural differences that arise between the UK and foreign countries, adopting a geocentric approach to hiring workers. The airline has also created a flexible organisation that responds quickly to the changing needs of its consumers. However, poor industrial relations and crisis management imply that there is a greater need to focus on building strong relations with employees, enabling them to internalise the vision of the company. Given intense competition in the industry and continuous changes in regulations from the EU and international regulatory bodies, British Airways needs to introduce cost-effective methods of complying with regulatory standards. The firm should also avoid illegal practices that can harm its corporate image. 1. British Airways: Overview British Airways commenced business in 1935 as a small airline that was privately owned, offering services restricted to the United Kingdom. Due to poor performance, the company was nationalised in 1939 with the state providing the required investment and resources necessary for growth (Brooks & Cullinane, 2007). The emergence of neo-classical economists claiming government ownership to be unproductive and inefficient, paved the way for privatisa... ...om http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/apr/19/ba-fuel-surcharge-fine-oft# Murphy, E. King, E. (2014). Environmental noise pollution. California: Elsevier. Sitkin, A. Bowen, N. (2010). International business 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stabler, M.J. Papatheodorou, A. Sinclair, M.T. (2010). The economics of tourism 2nd edition. New York: Routledge. The Telegraph. (2010). EU clears British Airways’ trans-Atlantic alliance, merger with Iberia. Telegraph. Retrieved on 15th May, 2014 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/7889982/EU-clears-British-Airways-trans-Atlantic-alliance-merger-with-Iberia.html Winfield, P. Bishop, R. Porter, P. (2013). Core management for HR students and practitioners. Oxford: Elsevier. Yahoo Finance. (2014). British Airways. Retrieved on 14th May, 2014 from https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=BA

Coke & Pepsi Learn to Compete in India

The political environment in India has proven to be critical to company performance for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola. There were specific aspects of the political environment in India that played key roles in both companies’ difficulties. India is a nation with a strong belief in loyalty and devotion to their culture and Indian products. The government promoted the consumption of local products rather than that of foreign products. The Indian government also has very strict trade policies which created many entry barriers for both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola.The stern rules and regulations of their government did not allow either company to freely promote their products. Typically, foreign investment denotes that foreigners take a somewhat active role in management as part of their investment and typically works both ways. India practices a more controlled foreign investment environment. Both companies should have done extensive research on India’s political environment before attempting to enter their market.Due to the trade barriers established by the Indian government Coca-Cola’s first entry into India’s market was not successful. Coca-Cola’s first entry into India was in 1958 but they existed in 1978 after the Indian government asked them to reveal their formula. Coca-Cola refused and decided to shut down. PepsiCo entered the market during Coca-Cola’s 16 years of exile, in 1989. Both companies face major controversy when the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), an environmental policy-orientated non-governmental organization (NGO) announced the results of a study.The study found that soft drinks sold in India, including those made by both companies, contained a cocktail of pesticides at concentrations far higher than considered permissible by national authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO). CSE had established a formidable reputation for accurate data-gathering and sharp analysis. They tested numerous bran ded aerated drinks sampled from different parts of India, which included 28 Coke brands and 29 more from Pepsi. During the crisis with contaminated water in India, Pepsi and Coca-Cola were both under fire with the consumers and government.Politicians made it exceptionally difficult for both companies to redeem themselves with the facts they had, but Coca-Cola seemed to have a more difficult come-back than Pepsi. India’s market is enormous in terms of population and geography. Both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola were able to reposition themselves in India’s market and gain some success. In response to the sheer scale of operations in India both companies produced promotional activities that aligned with sporting events and festivals in India.This gave customers the opportunity to take advantage of special sales and contests that encouraged the purchase and continued consumption of both products. Coca-Cola also changed their pricing policy by reducing their prices by up to 25 per cent. Coca-Cola offers a wide range of products to the customers and is always looking to innovate and come up with innovations. PepsiCo also offers different varieties of products ranging from carbonated to noncarbonated soft drinks, offered in a variety of different sizes.PepsiCo also, like Coca-Cola, had to adapt to the pricing barriers in India in order to survive, by making their products pricing more sensitive to India’s economy. Both companies participated in TV campaigns to promote brand awareness and PepsiCo strategy was using celebrities in the introduction of any new product. Coca-Cola had a different approach by dividing the Indian market into two different youth categories; they were able to focus on an all-encompassing theme. Global localization is a policy that both companies have implemented successfully.It includes the ability to provide shoppers with information in their native language and currency. PepsiCo gained success in this area by forming joint ventu res with two local partners of India upon initial entry to their market. To continue the adaption of Pepsi they renamed the product in India to conform to foreign collaboration rules. And the strongest global localization strategy that PepsiCo implemented was sponsoring world famous Indian athletes. PepsiCo growth has been guided by PepsiCo’s global vision of â€Å"Performance with Purpose†.This means that while businesses maximize shareholder value, they have a responsibility to all the stakeholders, including the communities in which they operate, the consumers they serve and the environment whose resources they use. PepsiCo achieved a significant milestone, by becoming the first business in the PepsiCo system to achieve ‘Positive Water Balance’ (PWB) – it replenishes more water than it consumes in its manufacturing operations. Coca-Cola, on their second go round, joined forces with local snack vendors and participated in special promotions of Ind ia’s cultural events.There are many lessons to be taken away from bot PepsiCo and Coca-Cola’s experience with India. PepsiCo should have learned that it is beneficial to keep with local tastes and to pay attention to market trends. Also, they should take into account that celebrity advertising has a favorable appeal. Coca-Cola should have learned that it is imperative to pay attention and proceed with caution when it comes to deals made with the government. They should also have realized the importance of maintaining a good relationship with foreign governments.Coca-Cola should recognize the significance of investing in quality products as well as the crucial effects of advertisement to the entry of a new market. Although, both companies has their share of success within India it is my belief that Pepsi has the ability to withstand longevity in their success. The reason I think PepsiCo over Coca-Cola is that Pepsi entered the Indian market on a much better foot. Also i n was genius of PepsiCo to enter a joint venture in launching into the bottled water industry. Coca-Cola as well had to branch out into other products to stay current to the market needs in India.Most recently Coca-Cola has decided to enter the growing Indian market for energy drinks, forecasted to grow to $370 billion in 2013 from less than half that in 2003. The competition in this market is fierce with established firms including Red Bull and Sobe. With its new brand Burn, Coke initially targeted alternative distribution channels such as pubs, bars, and gyms rather than large retail outlets such as supermarkets. I understand the target market concept but I believe this strategy approach limits the new product exposure to the public. These distribution limitations could result in the potential loss of market share.